VOCABULARY
| best | en iyi | somewhere | bir yerde |
| both | her ikisi | still | hala |
| a diary | hatıra defteri | a suitcase | bavul |
| due | bkz : PHRASES | too | …da,… dahi |
| a fruit | meyve | to understand | anlamak |
| a platform | platform | a wish | istek |
| a porter | hamal | worried | kaygılı |
| PHRASES: I saw them off the station. They sent their best wishes. The train is due to leave at 5.20. The train is due there at 9 p.m. Tren oraya akşam 9’da varmalı. It took you a long time. How long does it take to get there ? So, all went well. She was late for her train. | Onları istasyonun dışında gördüm. En iyi dileklerini yolladılar. Tren 5.20’de kalkmalı. Çok zamanını aldı. Oraya varmak ne kadar sürer ? Böylece her şey iyi gitti. Trene geç kaldı. |
CONVERSATION
(Patrick Behedict’lerle gara kadar gelmiştir. Konuklar İskoçya’ya gidiyorlar.)
DOROTHY Did the Benedicts get their train all right ?
PATRICK Yes, I saw them at the station. They sent their best wishes to both of you.
DOROTHY Have we their address in Scotland, or did we forget to ask them ? PATRICK No, they gave it to me before they left. I wrote it somewhere in my diary. Oh yes, here it is.
DOROTHY Thank you, Patrick. So all went well ?
PATRICK H’m. Elsa was very late for the train.
DOROTHY Was she ? Why was that ?
PATRICK I took her to the station in a taxi – it cost fifty pence. Ther I held her suitcase, and she went and bought some fruit. She wanted a paper, too. I think she spent all her money, because she took a very long time. The train was due to leave at ten. At five to ten she still wasn’t back. I was worried.
DOROTHY I’m sure you were !
PATRICK But then she ran up to me and took the suitcase. “Come on,
run” she said. I put her into the train at exactly ten o’clock. The porter shut the doors. And then after all that, the train started late, and I stood for ten minutes on the platform.
Practice sentences for Lessons 24 and 25:
Did your friends leave yesterday ?…
No, they left on Monday…What did she say ?…She said sha was busy…Your letter didn’t come last night, it came this morning…Our holiday began yesterday…He drove into the garage door…What time did you get up this morning ?…l got up at seven o’clock…They knew me, but I didn’t know them…She forgot her money, but she didn’t forget the tickets…They all went out at three o’clock…She gave him a pencil, and he wrote his name on a piece of paper…Then she took the paper and put it in her pocket.
STRESS
– 2 : address, forgot, before, exactly RHYTHM
Repeat these sentences :
The ‘ train was ‘due at ‘six – He ‘didn’t ‘drink his ‘milk – We ‘saw the’ boy be ‘fore the ‘church – They left on ‘Monday ‘morning.
-Note : fruit [ X ]; suitcase [ X ] ; diary [ X ]
GRAMMAR
-Her şeyden önce, sık kullanılan düzensiz fiillerin geçmiş zaman hallerini ezberlemek için çaba gereklidir. Bazılarına şimdiden rastladık bile. Aşağıda öğrenmeniz gereken bir liste bulacaksınız.Telaffuzu kendiliğinden belli olmayanlar için yanında fonetik verilmiştir :
-yazılışı değişen fiiller ve karma fiiller:
| to buy | satın almak | bought [ x ] | to send | göndermek sent | |
| to eat | yemek hissetmek | ate | to sleep | uyumak | slept |
| to feel | felt | to smell | koklamak | smelt | |
| to keep | muhafaza etm. | kept | to spend | harcamak | spent |
| geçirmek | |||||
| to learn | öğrenmek | learnt [ x ] | to teach | öğretmek | taught [ X ] |
| to lend | borç vermek | lent | to hear | işitmek | heard [ X ] |
| to mean | demek istemek | meant [ment] | to make | yapmak | made |
| -ek almayan, sesli harfi değişen fiiller | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Bu gruptaki fiillerden bazıları sesli harfini bile değiştirmez : | ||||||||||||
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Sırası geldikçe bu fiillerin biçimlerini kelimeler bölümlerinde vereceğimiz gibi, öğrenci zamanla kitabın sonundaki komple fiiler listesine de başvurmaya alışacaktır. O listede, yakında göreceğimiz past participle formu da bulunmaktadır. Bu bellek calısması ve düzeltme cabası sartıır, ama bunlar en az düzeyde sayılır., Bilinecek formların yalnızca bunlar olduğunu anlamak, cesaretlenmeyi getirir. İngilizce’de bunlar dışında hiçbir düzensizlik yoktur,Almanca ve Fransızca’da olduğu gibi sıfatlar ve fiiller kişilerin cinsiyetine göre uyum ekleri almaz, hiçbir kip kurala uymamazlık etmez, ezberlenecek bu fiil formlarından başka bir sev voktur! İste birkaç örnek daha ;
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| Sorulara nasıl kısa cevap verileceğini görmüştük : Did she buy it ? – No, she didn’t. Satın aldı mı onu ? – Hayır, almadı. Was he there ? – Yes, I’m sure he was. Orada mıvdı ? – Evet, eminim aada/d. |
| Söylenen bir söz karşısında şaşkınlık belirtmek için, yardımcı fiille kısa yapı kullanılır (yani fiilin yerine to do konur): | ||||||
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| – Fruit kelimesi, tekil olarak bir meyveyi de, çoğul olarak genelde meyveleri de gösteriyor olabilir ve sonuna hiçbir zaman s eki almaz: | ||||
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| – Both kelimesi, her ikisi de, anlamına gelir, bu kelimeden sonra the gelmez. İşte bazı yapı örnekleri: | ||||||||||||
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| – Some’ın yeni bir yapısını daha ele alalım : | ||
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| – Stili zarfı, hala, rağmen, bununla birlikte gibi anlamlara gelir. | ||||
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| – Before ve after’ın bağlaç gibi kullanılışını da unutmayalım : | ||||
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| -Daha önce gördüğümüz bazı sık kullanılan fiillerin yapısını da görelim : – To leave, ayrılıp gitmek, terketmek, bırakmak : | ||||||||||||
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| -To get: pek çok zarf parçacığıyla birlesıp yeni anlamlar alır : | ||||||||||||
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| -To think, düşünmek, inanmak, tahmin etmek : | ||||
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| -To give, vermek, to send, yollamak. Yapılara dikkat, tümleçler |
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| -Into ve out of edatlarını karıştırmayalım. Burada edata bir zarf parçacığı eklenmiştir, bu da hareket gösterir, ya da fiilin yönünü belirtir: |
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| EXERCISES |
| EXERCISE 1. Show your surprise, as follows: | ||
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1. She was thirsty. 2. We bought a big house. 3. He drank all the bottle.
4. They were in Glasgow. 5. Both of them saw me off. 6. Your diary is in my handbag.
EXERCISE 2. Use the right adverbial particle :
1. Patrick saw them – the station. 2.He came – to me. 3. The man went -hooting. 4. How are you getting – ? 5. We left Glasgow at 5 and stopped somewhere on the way 6. Please, I can’t see, switch – the light (ışık). EXERCISE 3. Change, as follows :
They were both in the shop……… Both of them were in the shop.
1. We invited them both. 2. He saw both of you. 3. She wants to see us both. 4. You both tried to do it.
EXERCISE 4. Express in the affirmative, as follows :
He didn’t stand near the door. … He stood near the door.
1. That man did not teach us English. 2.1 didn’t hear a noise. 3. She didn’t spend much money. 4. The girl didn’t hold a handful of flowers. 5.1 didn’t read his letter. 6. He didn’t drink his tea. 7. They didn’t wake up early. 8. The doctor didn’t see any patients this morning. 9. I didn’t come in and I didn’t shut the door. 10. He didn’t feel tired after his work.
EXERCISE 5. Build sentences, as follows :
He didn’t stand here….there. … He didn’t stand here,
he stood there.
1. They didn’t take a bus (Taxi). 2. She didn’t visit us (Them).3.1 didn’t open the door (A window). 4. I didn’t see his sort (His daughter).
EXERCISE 6. Answer these questions, as follows :
Did you understand him ? Yes, I understood him.
1.1. Did you hear him ? 2. Did yotHike him ? 3. Did you wake him ?
4. Did you forget him ?